Best analysis： How many types of drills are there
A high-speed steel drill bit is a tool that rotates and has the cutting ability at the tip. It is generally made of carbon steel SK or high-speed steel SKH2, SKH3, etc., which is milled or rolled and then quenched and heat treated. Drilling on other materials.It has a very wide range of applications, and can be used on drilling machines, lathes, milling machines, hand drills and other machine tools..According to different types, drill bits can be divided into the following types:
A. Classified by structure
1. Integral drill bit: drill top, drill body and drill shank are integrally manufactured from the same material.
2. End-welded drill: the top of the drill is welded by carbide.
B. Classification by drill
1. Straight shank drill: the drill diameter is less than 13.Straight shank is used below 0mm.
2. Taper shank drill bit: the bit shank is tapered, and the taper is generally Morse taper.
C. Classification by purpose
1. Center bit: generally used for centering before drilling, the front end cone has 60, 75, 90, etc..
2. Twist drill: the most widely used high-speed steel drill in industrial manufacturing.
3. Super hard drill bit: the front end of the drill body or all of it is made of super hard alloy tool material, which is used for drilling of processing materials.
4. Oil hole drill: The drill body has two small holes, through which the cutting agent reaches the cutting edge part to take away heat and chips. Use this drill to rotate the work while the drill is stationary.
5. Deep hole drill: It was first used for the drilling of barrels and stone-clad tubes, also known as barrel drills..The deep-hole high-speed steel drill bit is a straight groove type, which cuts a quarter of the strong part in the round pipe to produce cutting edge chip removal .
6. Drill bit reamer: the front end is a drill bit, the back end is a reamer.The diameter of the drill bit and the diameter of the reamer only differ from the allowance for reaming. There are also drill bits that are used in combination with screw tapping, so they are also called hybrid drill.
7. Taper drill bits: Taper drill bits can be used when processing the mold inlet.
8. Cylindrical hole drill: We call it a countersunk milling cutter. The part with a smaller diameter at the front end of this high-speed steel drill is called a ball.
9. Tapered hole drill: for drilling tapered holes, the front end angles are 90, 60, etc..The chamfering knife we use is one of the tapered high-speed steel drills.
10. Triangular drill: A drill used for electric drills. The shank of the drill is made into a triangular face so that the chuck can secure the drill..
Rotary drilling rig bit categories and uses [Tungsten Carbide Inserts]
This article is organized and shared by Merit Drilling Rig Maintenance Network
Rotary drilling rig bit categories and uses:
Single-head auger (SSA) is a single-head single-screw auger bit. The single-head auger bit is designed for rock formations and soil layers above the water level, as shown in Figure 1..SSA spiral drill bits are divided into three types: SSA-I (single-head soil spiral drill), SSA-II (mixed single-head spiral drill) and SSA-III (single-head rock spiral drill), as shown in Figure 2..;
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of spiral drill
a) Single-head spiral drill bit;
b) Double-head spiral drill bit
Double-headed auger (DSA) is suitable for large-diameter and rock drilling. It is divided into double-headed single-screw and double-headed double-screw. DSA almost includes all types and specifications required..According to different soil quality, DSA is divided into: DSA-I (double-headed soil spiral drill), DSA-H (double-headed harder rock spiral drill), DSA-III (double-headed cone spiral drill), DSA-IV (double-head soft Rock auger) and DSA-V (double-headed hard rock auger) five types, see Figure 3.;
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of single-head spiral drill
Single-head soil auger bit; b) Mixed layer single-head auger bit; c) Single-head rock auger bit;
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of double-head spiral drill bit
a) Double-headed soil auger bit; b) Double-headed harder rock auger bit; c) Double-headed cone auger bit, d) Double-headed soft rock auger bit; e) Double-headed hard rock auger.
a) Rock auger bit.The tip of the rock auger bit is inlaid and welded with tungsten-cobalt carbide picks, which are mainly used for weathering bedrock, better cemented pebble stratum and various soil permafrost layers.
b) Cone screw rock drill bit.Used for harder bedrock, better cemented pebble stratum and hard permafrost.Among them, the single screw bit has a fast drilling speed, easy slag removal, and low rotation resistance.The double screw bit has good guiding performance and strong soil carrying capacity.Cone snails can generally be divided into 180 degrees, 270 degrees and 360 degrees. The harder the rock, the greater the taper of the head..
c) Straight screw rock drill bit.There are single head single screw, double head single screw and double head double screw.For drilling in medium-hard to hard weathered stratum and frozen soil.Compared with cone snails, it has better guidance and strong soil-carrying ability, but the rotation resistance is greater.Single screw bit has fast drilling speed, easy slag removal and low rotation resistance.The double screw bit has good guiding performance, strong soil carrying capacity, but large rotation resistance.
d) Soil spiral drill.The cutting tools are shovel-shaped wear-resistant alloy teeth or bucket teeth plus picks, which are mainly used for soil layers above the groundwater level, sand layers, dense sand layers with a small amount of clay, and gravel layers with small particle diameters..There are single head single screw, double head single screw and double head double screw.The single screw bit is suitable for drilling into the gravel layer and the clay layer with good cementation due to easy slag removal and low rotation resistance; the double screw bit has strong soil carrying capacity and good guiding performance, suitable for drilling into loose formations and soft and hard interbedded formations.
Rotary drilling rig drill bit category and use operating rules and use precautions:
a) Before drilling a new drilling tool, first check whether the drill teeth are complete and whether the connection is firm. Press lightly and slowly drill during operation..
b) Because this type of drill bit drills into the hard strata, it must not be drilled at a high bit weight and high speed when Thread drill bits. When it is difficult to drill a large boulder, it is necessary to lift a section of the drill tool and drill with light pressure. Time.
c)-Generally, the drill can be lifted by 2 to 3 pitch lengths under pressure drilling. The drill must be lifted slowly to prevent the collision between the drill bit and the hole wall and cause soil leakage and mechanical accidents in the hole..
d) In case of jamming when lifting the drill, move the drill tool up and down and rotate slowly at the place where the jam is encountered. Lift the drill after the jam is released. Do not lift the drill forcefully..
e) Reverse the drill tool when unloading soil, and it is strictly forbidden to lift up or down or swing left and right to hit other fixed objects to unload the soil.
f) It is found that the drill teeth have been severely worn or damaged, and the drill teeth of the same specification should be replaced in time.
g) If foreign objects are found in the hole, it is strictly forbidden to drill down or use the drill as an accident handling tool to handle the accident.
Merit Drilling Rig Maintenance Network shares the article "Types and Uses of Rotary Drill Bits".
Why are the drill bits black, white and gold？ What is the difference？ Which one is good quality？ [Tungsten Carbide Inserts]
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Drilling is a very extensive processing method in the manufacturing industry. I believe that the little partners who are often in the front line of drilling will not be unfamiliar with the understanding of drills. When purchasing drills, the drills will have drills of different materials and colors, so different colors. How can you help the drill bit? Is the color related to the quality of the bit? Which color bit is better??
First of all: It is impossible to distinguish the quality of drills from the color alone. There is no direct and inevitable relationship between color and quality. Drills of different colors are mainly processed by different processes. Of course, you can make a rough judgment from the color, but the current quality of the drills is also poor. Will process their own colors to achieve the appearance of high-quality drills.
High-quality, fully ground high-speed steel drill bits are often usedwhiteAppeared, of course, the rolled drill can also be white by fine grinding of the outer circle. The reason for this is high quality. In addition to the material itself, the quality control during the grinding process is also quite strict, and there will be no burns on the surface of the tool..blackIt is a drill bit that has been nitrided. It is a chemical method that puts the finished tool in a mixture of ammonia and water vapor and passes 540-560C
heat preservation treatment to improve the durability of the tool..At present, most of the black drill bits on the market only achieve the color black (in order to cover the burn or black skin on the surface of the tool), but the actual use effect has not been effectively improved..
There are 3 processes for producing rock drill bits, Black is rolled, the worst.The white ones are trimmed and polished.Because it does not produce high-temperature oxidation, unlike rolling, the grain structure of the steel is not damaged. It is used to drill workpieces with slightly higher hardness..tanThe drill bit is called cobalt-containing drill in the industry. This is the unspoken rule of the drill bit industry.Cobalt-containing diamonds are originally white and are produced by grinding. When they are atomized in the later period, they become yellowish brown (generally called amber), which is currently the best in circulation..M35 (Co 5%) and another is Golden Yes, this kind of drill is called titanium-plated drill, divided into decorative plating and industrial plating.The decorative plating has no effect at all, it's just beautiful and golden.Industrial plating is very good, the hardness can reach HRC78, which is higher than the hardness of cobalt-containing diamonds
Judging from experience, in general, the white ones are generally all-ground high-speed steel drill bits, and the quality should be the best.The golden ones are titanium nitride-plated, and are generally either the best or the worst to fool people.The quality of black is also uneven. Some are made of very poor carbon tool steel, which is easy to anneal and rust at the same time, so it needs to be blackened..
Generally, when buying a drill bit, you can see the trademark on the drill bit shank and the mark of the diameter tolerance. The mark is clear, and the quality of laser or electric corrosion is not too bad..If it is a typeface embossed, if the edge of the word bulges, the quality of the drill is poor, because the bulged outline of the word will cause the drill bit to be less accurate, and the edge of the word is clear, which is very good with the cylindrical surface of the drill shank The bordered ones are of good quality.In addition, it depends on the cutting edge of the tip of the drill. The cutting edge of the fully ground drill is well opened, the spiral surface meets the requirements, and the quality is poor at the rear corner surface..
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Drill bit type and scope of application
Introduction:
During the construction of the water well drilling rig, the drill bit is mainly used to break the rock. The quality of the drill bit directly affects the drilling speed, drilling cost and wellbore quality.Choosing drill bits with fast drilling speed and long service life for water well drilling rigs can greatly reduce drilling costs.Drill bits for water well construction are mainly divided into scraper bits, roller cone bits, diamond bits, cemented carbide bits, PDC bits, and special bits. These bits have their own rock breaking principles and applicable formations..In recent years, continuous innovation of water well drilling rig products has led to rapid development of drill bit research and development technology. At present, there are some new PDC drill bits and hybrid drill bits that can be widely used in various formations, but the development of more wear-resistant and high-toughness materials And better drill bit bearings and personalized design drill bits that are more practically used are difficult problems in the development of drill bit technology..This is also the direction of future drill development efforts.
text:
Drill bit type and scope of application:
The drill bit is the main tool for breaking the rock to form a wellbore. The use efficiency and life of the drill bit determine the final drilling cost. The bit design has gone through the earliest scraper bit, to the widely used roller bit, and then to the diamond bit with broad prospects. With the development of material technology and the improvement of bit technology, many new types of bit have appeared on the market..Let's introduce them in detail below.
1.Scraper bit
The scraper bit is suitable for drilling in various soft to soft soil layers and plastic and plastic brittle formations such as mudstone, argillaceous sandstone, and shale..Scraper (wing blade) drills can be divided into two-blade drills, three-blade drills, and four-blade drills according to the number of scrapers.
The scraper bit mainly breaks the ground by cutting, shearing and squeezing.These rock breaking methods are mainly to overcome the shear strength of the rock.It is easier to break the rock than to overcome the compressive strength of the rock. The rock breaks generallyDivided into the following three processes:
(1) After the cutting edge rock is broken along the shear surface, the torsional moment is reduced, the cutting edge advances and collides with the cutting edge rock.
(2) Under the action of torsional moment, the rock in front is crushed to produce small shearing and breaking, and the torsional moment increases.
(3) The blade continues to squeeze the rock ahead (partially compressed into powder). When the torsional moment increases to the limit value, the rock breaks along the shear surface, and then the torsional moment suddenly decreases; collision, crushing and small shear The three processes of cutting and large shearing are repeated to form the whole process of broken plastic brittle rock.
2.Roller bit
In drilling operations, roller cone bits are currently the most widely used type of bit.The cone bit breaks the rock through the crushing, impact and shear generated by the rotation of the cone.Its teeth and rock contact area is small, working torque is small, and the total length of the working blade is long, making it suitable for various soft and hard formations.
The cone bit is composed of claws, cones, shells, bearings, permanent eyes and oil storage seal compensation system..Cone bits are divided into two categories: inserts and milling teeth. In terms of hardness and service life, inserts have better performance than milling teeth, but they are more expensive. They can be divided into seven types according to the lithology of the formation. Three types of JR, R, ZR are suitable for very soft to medium soft formations, Z and ZY are suitable for medium to medium hard formations, and Y and JY types are suitable for hard to extremely hard formations..According to different bearing structures, it can be divided into ordinary bearings, rolling sealed bearings and sliding sealed bearings.
3. Diamond bit
The drill bits that use diamond material as the cutting edge are collectively referred to as diamond drill bits. There are many varieties and are suitable for all kinds of formations from soft to hard..
Diamond bits include natural diamond bits and PDC bits.The PDC drill bit is mainly used in the market, which is composed of synthetic diamond composite teeth, which are sintered on the fixed blade of the diamond bit..The rock breaking principle of the diamond bit is mainly the cutting of the cutting element..With the development of superhard materials and the progress of high temperature and high pressure physical sintering technology, new materials such as polycrystalline synthetic diamond composite sheets, large-size composite sheets and thermally stable polycrystalline diamond cutting blocks have been created, which greatly improves the use of diamond drills range.The current diamond drill bits can be used for drilling in the ocean, deep wells, ultra-deep wells and directional cluster wells, and the development space of its new products is unimaginable.
4. New drill
In recent years, domestic and foreign petroleum drill bit production companies and superhard materials scientific research units have made great contributions to the invention of new types of drill bits and launched some new products.Such as the hybrid drill bit of Hughes.Its shape has both the fixed blade of the PDC bit and the cone bit cone.The fixed blades and cones can be sintered with various hardness teeth, so that the hybrid drill has the advantages of cone drills and PDC drills..In actual application, the hybrid bit is more aggressive and higher drilling efficiency than the ordinary roller bit, and more stable than the ordinary PDC bit, suitable for various deep complex formations.But the cost is quite expensive.
Conclusion:
The cost of drill bits accounts for one third of the cost of drilling. The correct selection and use of drill bits for water well drilling rigs is the most effective measure to reduce drilling costs.. Judging from years of practical experience, drilling rigs are often due to improper selection of drill bits, resulting in slow drilling speed and high cost..To correctly select drill bits for water well drilling rigs, on the one hand, we must have a clear understanding of the working principles and structural performance characteristics of existing drill bits; on the other hand, we must also have a full understanding of the petrophysical properties of the drilled stratum, and have a good The brittleness, abrasiveness, drillability, etc. must be known, so as to choose the correct drill bit.
